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I. Initial Registration
Requirements |
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A. Is registration as a religious
organization required? Include registration requirements in footnote. |
Yes[17] |
Yes[18] |
Yes[19] |
Yes[20] |
Yes[21] |
No[22] |
No[23] |
Yes[24] |
No[25] |
Yes[26] |
Yes[27] |
No[28] |
Yes[29] |
No[30] |
Yes[31] |
Yes[32] |
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B. From what body does the
religious association request registration? |
District Court[33] |
State Council on Religious Affairs[34] |
State Committee on issues of religious organizations[35] |
The Republican Body of State Governance on Religious Affairs
[36] |
Ministry of Culture[37] |
Registration departments of Courts (from |
County court or Metropolitan Court of Budapest[39] |
Board of Religious Affairs[40] |
Ministry of Justice[41] |
Authority in charge of religious affairs[42] |
The State Service on
Problems of the Cults[43] |
The Office of Denomina-tional Affairs[44] |
State Secretariat for Cults or local court of first
instance.[45] |
Ministry of Justice[46] |
Ministry of Culture[47] |
Depends on whether the association is a religious
organization or religious center, administration, monastery, fraternity,
mission or spiritual education institution[48]
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C. Is there a statutory deadline
for the governmental body to make decisions on registration? |
Not yet required by law[49] |
One month[50] |
One month (depending on foundation documents) |
One month[51] |
No |
No |
60 days[52] |
One month[53] |
Six months[54] |
No |
30 days for the registration of the cult 15 days for the
registration of the component of the cult[55] |
Yes, 2 months[56] |
3 days[57] |
One month[58] |
No |
One month[59] |
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D. Are non-registered religions
required to report activities? |
No[60] |
No[61] |
No[62] |
N/a |
No |
No |
No |
Not specifically[63] |
No |
Not mentioned in law |
Not specified |
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Not specified |
No[64] |
No |
No |
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E. Are religious associations
allowed to register as non-profit organizations? |
Yes[65] |
Yes[66] |
Yes[67] |
Yes[68] |
No |
Yes[69] |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Yes[70] |
Yes[71] |
Yes[72] |
Yes[73] |
Yes[74] |
No[75] |
No |
Yes[76]
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F. Are religious associations
required to register only as non-profit organizations? |
Yes[77] |
Yes[78] |
Yes |
Yes[79] |
No |
No[80] |
No[81] |
No[82] |
No other options are specified[83] |
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Yes[84] |
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Not specified[85] |
No |
No |
No |
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G. Are religious associations required
to register only as religious organizations? |
No[86] |
Yes |
Yes |
No[87] |
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
No other options are specified[88] |
No other options are specified. |
No[89] |
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No other effective alternative is available[90] |
Yes |
Yes |
Not clear |
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H. What affirmative penalties (if
any) are established for failure to register as a religious organization? |
None[91] |
Administrative penalties[92] |
Administrative penalties[93] |
Not explicitly defined[94] |
Will not be recognized as a religious association in the |
None[96] |
None[97] |
None[98] |
None |
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None[99] |
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None[100] |
None specified |
Inability to obtain legal status in |
None specified |
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I. Do registered religions have the
rights of ordinary legal persons? |
Yes[102]
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Yes[103]
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Yes[104] |
Yes[105] |
Yes |
Yes[106] |
Yes[107] |
Yes[108] |
Yes[109] |
Unsure[110] |
Yes[111] |
Yes[112] |
Yes[113] |
Yes[114] |
Yes[115] |
Not clear[116] |
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J. Does registration insulate
members from personal liability? |
Yes, with an exception[117] |
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Yes[118] |
No[119] |
Yes[120] |
Yes |
No |
Not specified |
Not mentioned in the Law [121] |
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No |
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Most likely no[122] |
Not specified |
No[123] |
Not specified |
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K. How long must an association be
active before it can register? |
No specific time[124] |
Not specified |
Not specified |
20 years[125] |
Not mentioned. |
N/a |
N/a |
N/a[126] |
No minimum time specified |
No minimum time specified. |
No minimum time specified |
No minimum time |
No requirement[127] |
15 years[128] |
Not mentioned. |
Not specified |
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L. What is the minimum number of
members? (Is there an age requirement?) |
Requirements differ with or without “membership”[129] |
200 members over 18[130] |
10 members (of mature age)[131] |
20 members over 18 years old[132] |
300 adults[133] |
12 adults[134] |
100 private individuals[135] |
10 adult citizens[136] |
30 adult citizens[137] |
No minimum.[138] |
No minimum |
100 Polish citizens with full capacity to perform legal
transactions[139] |
10 members over 18[141] |
20,000 adults having a permanent residence in |
10 members over 18[143] |
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M. May all registered religious associations
access and use public facilities? |
Not provided in the law[144]
|
Yes[145]
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Yes[146] |
With permission[147] |
No[148] |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes[149] |
Yes[150] |
Yes[151] |
Yes [152] |
Yes[153] |
Yes[154] |
Yes[155] |
Yes[156] |
Yes[157] |
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M1. Are there any req'ts (beyond a change
in status) for associations to access public facilities? If so, what? |
Not provided in the law |
Yes[158] |
Yes[159] |
See above footnote |
No |
Yes[160] |
None |
Yes[161] |
No[162] |
Yes[163] |
No[164]
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No |
No[165] |
No[166] |
Yes[167] |
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N. May all registered religious associations
participate in lobbying or other political activity? |
Yes[168] |
Yes[169] |
No[170] |
No[171] |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes[172] |
Not specified |
Not mentioned in the law. |
No[173] |
No[174] |
No[175] |
Not specified[176] |
No[177] |
Not mentioned. |
No[178] |
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O. Are members of all registered religious
associations exempt from military duty for religious reasons? |
Yes[179] |
Yes[180] |
No[181] |
No[182] |
Yes[183] |
Yes[184] |
Yes[185] |
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Yes[186] |
No exemption listed |
Yes[187] |
Yes[188] |
Yes[189] |
Yes[190] |
Not mentioned. |
No[191] |
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P. Are there other benefits flowing
to all registered religious associations? List enumerated benefits in
footnote. |
Yes[192] |
Yes[193] |
Yes[194] |
Yes[195] |
Yes[196] |
Yes[197] |
Yes[198] |
Yes[199] |
Yes[200] |
Yes[201] |
Yes[202] |
Yes[203] |
Yes[204] |
Yes[205] |
Clergy-penitent privilege[206] |
Yes[207] |
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Q. Grounds for denial of registration
application |
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See footnote[208] |
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See footnote[209] |
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Subversive or anti-state activities |
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Q1. May a registration application
be denied if the religious association espouses anti-constitutional conduct? |
Yes[210] |
Yes[211] |
Yes[212] |
Yes[213] |
Yes[214] |
Yes[215] |
Yes[216] |
Yes[217] |
Yes[218] |
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See footnote 66 |
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Yes[219] |
Yes[220] |
Yes[221] |
Yes[222] |
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Q2. May a registration application
be denied if the religious group is deemed to be not religious? |
Not specified |
Yes[223] |
Yes[224] |
Yes[225] |
Yes[226] |
No[227] |
No[228] |
Not specified |
Most likely[229] |
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Not specified by the legislation |
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No |
Yes[230] |
Not mentioned. |
Not specified |
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Q3. May a registration application
be denied if there is already a religious group with the same name? |
Yes[231] |
Not specifically[232] |
Yes[233] |
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Yes[234] |
Yes[235] |
Yes[236] |
Yes[237] |
Yes[238] |
Yes[239] |
Not specified for religious organizations and concerns
enterprises only |
Yes[240] |
Yes[241] |
Yes[242] |
No[243] |
Not specified |
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Q4. Are there other reasons for the
denial of registration application? |
Not defined in the law[244] |
Yes[245] |
Yes[246] |
Yes[247] |
Yes[248] |
Yes[249] |
Yes[250] |
Yes[251] |
Yes[252] |
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No |
Yes[253] |
Yes[254] |
Yes[255] |
Yes[256] |
Yes[257] |
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R. Is there a requirement that a
reason for the denial be given in writing? |
Yes[258] |
Yes[259] |
Yes[260] |
Yes[261] |
Yes[262] |
Yes[263] |
Yes[264] |
Yes[265] |
Yes[266] |
No |
No [267] |
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Yes[268] |
Yes[269] |
Yes[270] |
Yes[271] |
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S. If registration is denied, can
an organization reapply for registration if the problems are cured? |
Yes[272] |
Yes[273] |
Yes[274] |
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Yes[275] |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes[276] |
There is no provision denying reapplying |
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Not specified by the legislation |
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Yes[277] |
Yes[278] |
Yes, within 60 days of denial of registration[279] |
Probably[280] |
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T. To what body is appeal possible? |
The Court of Appeal, and thereinafter, to the High Court[281] |
Court of Justice[282] |
Court of the |
Court[284] |
Supreme Court |
Administrative Court |
Supreme Court |
Court[285] |
Court[286] |
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Court[287] |
The |
The tribunal[289] |
Court[290] |
Supreme Court[291] |
Court[292] |
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II. Dissolution |
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See footnote[293] |
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A. May a religious organization be
voluntarily dissolved? |
Yes[294] |
Yes[295] |
Yes.[296] |
Yes[297] |
Yes[298] |
Yes[299] |
Yes[300] |
Yes[301] |
Yes[302] |
Yes [303] |
Yes[304] |
Yes[305] |
Yes[306] |
Yes[307] |
Yes[308] |
Yes[309] |
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B. Who has the authority to
propose/instigate forced dissolution? |
Competent state
authorities.[310] |
The Staff of the Government[311] |
State Committee on issues of religious organizations |
Courts, legislature, and city executive committees [312] |
Ministry of Culture[313] |
Ministry of Internal Affairs or other interested person[314] |
Public Prosecutor[315] |
Head of the Board
of Religious Affairs, Procurator General[316] |
Ministry of Justice[317] |
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The State Service on the Problems of the Cults[318] |
The Minister (the Head of the Office for Denomina-tional
Affairs and attorney)[319] |
Any person interested can propose to the court of first
instance.[320] |
Court,[321] Ministry of
Justice,[322] registering organ,
prosecutor’s office, local administrative bodies[323] |
Ministry of Culture as the registering authority[324] |
The authorities entitled to register the religious
organization or the public prosecutor.[325]
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C. What are the grounds for forced
dissolution? |
See footnote[326] |
Violation of laws of the |
Violation of the current legislation and carrying out
illegal activities contrary to the established charter[328] |
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See footnote[329] |
See footnote[330] |
See footnote[331] |
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See footnote 66 |
See footnote[332] |
See note[333] |
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Activities that pose a threat to
society or undermine the state |
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C1. Violation of law or
constitution? |
Yes[334] |
Yes[335] |
Yes[336] |
Yes[337] |
Yes[338] |
Yes |
Yes[339] |
Yes[340] |
Yes[341] |
Perhaps[342] |
Yes[343] |
Yes[344] |
Yes[345] |
Yes[346] |
Yes[347] |
Yes[348] |
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C2. Gross violation of
law/constitution? |
Yes[349] |
Yes[350] |
Yes[351] |
Yes[352] |
Yes[353] |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes[354] |
Yes[355] |
Perhaps[356] |
Yes[357] |
Yes[358] |
Yes[359] |
Yes[360] |
Yes[361] |
Yes[362] |
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C3. Violation of public security,
public order, or damage to the security of the state? |
Yes[363] |
Yes[364] |
Yes[365] |
Yes[366] |
Yes[367] |
Yes |
No. Only if laws
are violated. |
Yes[368] |
Yes[369] |
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See footnote 66 |
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Yes[370] |
Yes[371] |
Yes[372] |
Yes[373] |
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C4. Actions directed toward the
violent change of the bases of constitutional order or violation of the integrity
of the state? |
Yes[374] |
Yes[375] |
Yes[376] |
Yes[377] |
Yes[378] |
Yes[379] |
Yes |
Yes[380] |
Most likely [381] |
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See footnote 66 |
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Yes[382] |
No[383] |
Yes[384] |
Yes[385] |
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C5. Incitement of social, racial,
national, or religious enmity? |
Yes[386] |
Yes[387] |
Yes[388] |
Yes[389] |
Yes[390] |
Yes |
Yes[391]
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Yes[392] |
Yes[393] |
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Maybe[394] |
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Not specified, but likely[395] |
No[396] |
Yes[397] |
Yes[398] |
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C6. Infringement of the morality or
health of citizens? |
Yes[399] |
Yes[400] |
Yes |
Yes[401] |
Yes[402] |
Yes[403] |
Yes[404]
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Yes[405] |
Yes[406] |
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See footnote 66 |
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Not specified, but likely [407] |
Yes[408] |
Yes[409] |
Yes[410] |
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C7. Infringement of persons,
rights, or freedom of citizens? |
Yes[411] |
Yes[412] |
Yes |
Yes[413] |
Yes[414] |
Yes |
Yes[415]
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Not specified |
Yes[416] |
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See footnote 66 |
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Not specified, but likely [417] |
Yes[418] |
Yes[419] |
Yes[420] |
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C8. Encouragement of suicide or
refusal of medical care for religious motives for persons whose life or
health are threatened? |
Yes[421] |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Yes[422] |
See footnote[423] |
Probably[424] |
Yes[425]
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Not specified |
Not mentioned in the law. |
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See footnote 66 |
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Not specified, but likely [426] |
Yes[427] |
Not mentioned. |
Not specified |
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C9. Prevention of acquiring
obligatory education? |
Yes[428] |
Not specified |
Not specified |
Yes[429] |
See footnote[430] |
Probably |
No[431]
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Not specified |
Most likely[432] |
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No |
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Not specified, but likely [433] |
Yes[434] |
Most likely[435] |
Not specified |
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C10. Compulsion of members and
adherents or other persons to alienate property owned by them for use by the
religious association? |
Yes[436] |
Yes[437] |
Yes |
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Yes[438] |
Probably[439] |
Not likely[440]
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Not specified |
Maybe[441] |
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See footnote 66 |
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Not specified, but likely [442] |
Yes[443] |
Not mentioned. |
Probably[444] |
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C11. Prevention of citizens leaving
the religious association under threat of harm to life, health, or property, if
there is a danger of its actual fulfillment, or the application of force by
other illegal means? |
Yes[445] |
Yes[446] |
Yes[447] |
Yes[448] |
Yes[449] |
Yes[450] |
Not likely[451]
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Not specified |
Yes[452] |
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See footnote 66 |
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Not specified, but likely [453] |
Yes[454] |
Yes[455] |
No |
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C12. Encouragement of citizens to
refuse to fulfill civic duties required by law? |
Yes, if this
constitutes a violation of any of the Albanian laws. |
Yes[456] |
See above |
Yes [457] |
Yes[458] |
Possible |
Not likely[459]
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Yes[460] |
Yes[461] |
Perhaps[462] |
See footnote 66 |
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Not specified, but likely [463] |
Yes[464] |
Not mentioned |
Yes[465] |
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C13. Encouragement to perform other
illegal actions? |
Yes, if this constitutes a criminal act pursuant to the
Albanian Criminal Code or violation of any other laws. |
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See above |
Yes[466] |
Yes[467] |
Possible |
Not likely[468] |
Yes[469] |
Most likely[470] |
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See footnote 66 |
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Not specified, but likely [471] |
Yes[472] |
Most likely[473] |
Yes[474] |
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D. To what body may the religious
association appeal dissolution? |
To the Court of Appeals, and thereinafter to the High
Court[475] |
Court of justice[476] |
Court of the |
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Supreme Court |
Administrative Court |
The Supreme Court.[478] |
Court[479] |
Court[480] |
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See footnote 92 |
Court[481] |
Not specified[482] |
A higher court of instance[483] |
Supreme Court[484] |
No appeal mentioned |
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III. Financial Benefits of
Registration |
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A. Is tax exemption available to
religious organizations? |
Yes[485] |